Closely mirroring the daily sign-out process, Atlas of Gynecologic Pathology: A Pattern-Based Approach, by Dr. Tricia A. Numan (co-author of Diagnosis of Endometrial Biopsies and Curettings, A Practical Approach), is a highly illustrated, efficient guide to accurate diagnosis. This practical reference uses a proven, pattern-based approach to clearly explain how to interpret challenging cases by highlighting red flags in the clinical chart and locating hidden clues in the slides. Useful as a daily “scope-side guide,” it features numerous clinical and educational features that help you find pertinent information, reach a correct diagnosis, and assemble a thorough and streamlined pathology report.
More than 1,400 high-quality photomicrographs capture the subtle morphologic spectrum and if applicable, pertinent immunohistochemical staining patterns encountered in gynecologic pathology, including variations of tumor types, non-tumor pathology, artifacts, and normal histology. Each image is captioned with key diagnostic considerations and includes call-outs showing subtle features and diagnostic clues.

Practical tools throughout the text include:

Tables that emphasize salient clinicopathologic features, management implications, and therapeutic options
Discussions of how and when to incorporate molecular tools
Checklists for key elements of the diagnostic approach and sample notes for inclusion in pathology reports
Relevant diagnostic algorithms
Brief reviews of normal histology that provide contrast to succeeding patterns
“Pearls and Pitfalls” and “Near Misses” sections with lessons from real life sign-out experience
“Frequently Asked Questions” sections that discuss common diagnostic dilemmas
“Sample Note” sections that offer a template of how to synthesize complicated or especially challenging topics
Comprehensive quiz provides experience with high-yield, board-style teaching topics
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CONTENTS
1 VULVA ............................................................................................................1
Unremarkable Vulvar Histology ......................................................................3
The Mons Pubis ................................................................................................... 3
Labia Majora ........................................................................................................ 4
Labia Minora ........................................................................................................ 5
Clitoris ................................................................................................................. 5
Vulvar Vestibule ................................................................................................... 5
Urethral Meatus ................................................................................................... 5
Infectious Diseases .........................................................................................6
Fungal Infections ................................................................................................. 6
Viral Infections ..................................................................................................... 6
Bacterial Infections ............................................................................................ 11
Parasitic Infestations .......................................................................................... 14
Noninfectious Inflammatory Lesions ............................................................ 14
Interface ............................................................................................................. 14
Graft- V ersus- Host Disease ................................................................................. 17
Psoriasiform ....................................................................................................... 17
Spongiotic ......................................................................................................... 18
Granulomatous .................................................................................................. 19
Other ................................................................................................................. 19
Nonneoplastic Changes ...............................................................................21
Vulvodynia ......................................................................................................... 21
Endometriosis .................................................................................................... 22
Adenosis ............................................................................................................ 22
Vulvar Cysts ..................................................................................................22
Follicular Cyst/Epithelial Inclusion Cyst ............................................................. 22
Mucinous and Ciliated Vestibular Cysts ............................................................ 23
Bartholin Duct Cyst ............................................................................................ 23
Cysts of the Canal of Nuck ................................................................................ 23
Mammary- like Cysts (Hidrocystoma) ................................................................. 23
Genital Stromal Tumors ................................................................................24
Fibroepithelial Polyp.......................................................................................... 24
Superficial Myofibroblastoma ............................................................................ 24
Cellular Angiofibroma ....................................................................................... 27
Angiomyofibroblastoma .................................................................................... 28
Deep (Aggressive) Angiomyxoma ..................................................................... 29
Squamous Precursor and Malignant Lesions................................................30
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia ......................................................................... 30
Differentiated Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia .................................................. 34
Differentiated Exophytic Vulvar Intraepithelial Lesion ....................................... 35
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Variants ............................................................ 36
Basal Cell Carcinoma ......................................................................................... 44
Extramammary Paget Disease ........................................................................... 45
Anogenital Mammary- like Glandular Lesions ...............................................48
Anogenital Mammary-like Glands ..................................................................... 48
Hidradenoma Papilliferum ................................................................................. 48
Fibroadenoma ................................................................................................... 50
Phyllodes Tumor ................................................................................................ 52
Adenocarcinoma of Mammary Type .................................................................. 52Glandular Lesions .........................................................................................52
Bartholin Gland Carcinoma ............................................................................... 52
Neuroendocrine Neoplasia ..........................................................................53
Neuroendocrine Tumors .................................................................................... 53
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma .............................................................................. 53
Pigmented Lesions .......................................................................................55
Vulvar Melanosis ................................................................................................ 55
Common Acquired Nevus ................................................................................. 56
Atypical Genital Nevi ......................................................................................... 56
Malignant Melanoma......................................................................................... 57
Mesenchymal Lesions ...................................................................................59
Leiomyoma ........................................................................................................ 59
Leiomyosarcoma ............................................................................................... 59
Rhabdomyosarcoma .......................................................................................... 59
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma ................................................................................ 60
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans ................................................................... 61
Epithelioid Sarcoma .......................................................................................... 62
Skin Adnexal Lesions ....................................................................................63
Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia .......................................................................... 63
Syringoma ......................................................................................................... 63
Other Tumors ...............................................................................................63
Granular Cell Tumor .......................................................................................... 63
Yolk Sac Tumor .................................................................................................. 64
Near Miss ......................................................................................................65
2 VAGINA .......................................................................................................89
Unremarkable Vaginal Histology ..................................................................90
Infectious Disorders ......................................................................................90
Vaginal Cysts ................................................................................................91
Müllerian Cysts .................................................................................................. 91
Gartner (Mesonephric) Cysts ............................................................................. 93
Bartholin Duct Cyst ............................................................................................ 93
Skene Duct Cyst/Skene Gland Cyst .................................................................. 95
Squamous Inclusion Cyst/Epithelial Inclusion Cyst ........................................... 95
Benign Polyps ...............................................................................................96
Tubulosquamous Polyp ..................................................................................... 96
Fibroepithelial Polyp.......................................................................................... 97
Cellular Pseudosarcomatous Fibroepithelial Polyp ........................................... 98
Epithelial Lesions ..........................................................................................99
Human Papillomavirus–Associated Squamous Lesions ..................................... 99
Benign Glandular Lesions ................................................................................ 104
Malignant Glandular Tumors ........................................................................... 108
Mixed Tumor (Spindle Cell Epithelioma) ....................................................110
Mesenchymal Lesions .................................................................................112
Rhabdomyoma ................................................................................................ 112
Leiomyoma ...................................................................................................... 114
Leiomyosarcoma ............................................................................................. 115
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma, Botryoid Type ............................................. 115
Genital Stromal Tumors ..............................................................................118
Malignant Melanoma .................................................................................118
Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule ............................................................121
Near Miss ....................................................................................................122
3 CERVIX .......................................................................................................131
Unremarkable Cervical Histology ...............................................................133
Squamous Epithelium ...................................................................................... 133
Endocervical Glandular Epithelium ................................................................. 134Transformation Zone........................................................................................ 135
Changes in the Transformation Zone due to Squamous Epithelialization
and Squamous Metaplasia ............................................................................. 135
Cervical Stroma ............................................................................................... 136
Noninfectious Inflammatory Changes ........................................................ 137
Follicular Cervicitis and Russell Body Cervicitis ............................................... 137
Papillary Endocervicitis .................................................................................... 138
Inflammatory Changes Related to Infectious Diseases .............................. 139
Protozoal Causes of Cervicitis ......................................................................... 139
Bacterial Causes of Cervicitis........................................................................... 139
Viral Causes of Cervicitis ................................................................................. 140
Fungal Disease ................................................................................................ 141
Cysts ...........................................................................................................141
Nabothian Cyst ................................................................................................ 141
Polyps and Pseudopolyps ..........................................................................143
Endocervical Polyp .......................................................................................... 143
Fibroepithelial Polyp........................................................................................ 144
Metaplasia ..................................................................................................144
Squamous Metaplasia ..................................................................................... 144
Tubal/Tuboendometrioid Metaplasia .............................................................. 144
Transitional Cell Metaplasia ............................................................................. 145
Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia ..........................................................146
Microglandular Hyperplasia............................................................................. 146
Tunnel Clusters ................................................................................................ 147
Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia .................................................. 148
Diffuse Laminar Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia ...................................... 149
Melanocytic Lesions ...................................................................................149
Blue Nevus ...................................................................................................... 149
Mucosal Melanosis .......................................................................................... 149
Miscellaneous Benign Lesions ....................................................................150
Endometriosis .................................................................................................. 150
Endocervicosis ................................................................................................. 150
Pr egnancy- Related Changes ......................................................................150
Decidual Reaction or Decidual Pseudopolyp .................................................. 150
Arias- Stella Reaction ........................................................................................ 151
Placental Site Trophoblastic Nodule ............................................................... 153
Reactive and Reparative Lesions ................................................................153
Radiation-Induced Atypia ................................................................................ 153
Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule ................................................................. 153
Florid Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia ............................................................ 153
Mesenchymal Lesions, Benign and Malignant ...........................................154
Superficial Myofibroblastoma .......................................................................... 154
Leiomyoma ...................................................................................................... 155
Adenomyoma .................................................................................................. 155
Papillary Adenofibroma ................................................................................... 155
Adenosarcoma ................................................................................................ 155
Mesonephric Remnants and Lesions ..........................................................157
Mesonephric Remnants ................................................................................... 157
Mesonephric Hyperplasia ................................................................................ 157
Adenocarcinoma, HPV- independent, Mesonephric Type,
of the Uterine Cervix ....................................................................................... 158
Squamous Precursor and Malignant Lesions..............................................160
Human Papillomavirus ..................................................................................... 160
Low- Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ................................................... 161
High- Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion .................................................. 164
Superficially Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ............................................ 167
Squamous Cell Carcinoma .............................................................................. 170Glandular Precursor Lesions and Malignant Tumors ..................................177
Adenocarcinoma In Situ .................................................................................. 177
Histologic Variants of Endocervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ .......................... 179
Endocervical Adenocarcinoma, HPV-Associated............................................. 182
Pattern- Based Classification of Endocervical Adenocarcinoma,
HPV-Associated .............................................................................................. 185
Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix, HPV- independent, Gastric Type .................... 193
Adenoid Basal Lesions................................................................................195
Adenoid Basal Hyperplasia ............................................................................. 195
Adenoid Basal Cell Carcinoma ........................................................................ 195
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma .............................................................................. 197
Miscellaneous Tumors of the Cervix ...........................................................198
Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix ................................................. 198
Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix ................................................................. 200
Adenosquamous Carcinoma ........................................................................... 200
Glassy Cell Carcinoma ..................................................................................... 201
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Cervix ............................................................ 201
Low- Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Cervix ......................................... 202
High- Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Cervix ................................. 202
Near Miss ....................................................................................................204
4 NONNEOPLASTIC AND NEOPLASTIC LESIONS
OF THE ENDOMETRIUM .........................................................................233
The Unremarkable Endometrium ...............................................................235
Premenarchal Endometrium .......................................................................236
Endometrial Changes During Reproductive Years .....................................236
Menstrual Phase .............................................................................................. 236
Proliferative Phase ........................................................................................... 237
Interval Phase .................................................................................................. 237
Secretory Phase ............................................................................................... 240
Postmenopausal Endometrium ..................................................................244
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding .......................................................................244
Disordered Proliferative Endometrium ......................................................247
Nonneoplastic Changes .............................................................................247
Artifacts in Endometrial Biopsies and Curettage Specimens .......................... 247
Epithelial Metaplasias (Epithelial Cell Change) ............................................... 251
Inflammatory Changes ............................................................................... 258
Endometritis .................................................................................................... 258
Hormone- Induced Changes .......................................................................263
Arias-Stella Reaction ........................................................................................ 263
Exogenous Hormone Therapy Effect .............................................................. 264
Benign Polyps .............................................................................................268
Endometrial Polyps.......................................................................................... 268
Endometrial Polyp With Bizarre Stromal Cells ................................................. 271
Tamoxifen- Associated Endometrial Polyp ....................................................... 273
Papillary Proliferations ..................................................................................... 274
Precancerous Lesions .................................................................................276
Endometrial Hyperplasia/Atypical Hyperplasia ............................................... 276
Serous Endometrial Intraepithelial Carcinoma ................................................ 283
Clear Cell Endometrial Intraepithelial Carcinoma ........................................... 287
Endometrial Carcinoma ..............................................................................288
Endometrioid Carcinoma ................................................................................ 289
Serous Carcinoma ............................................................................................ 309
Clear Cell Carcinoma ....................................................................................... 313
Carcinosarcoma ............................................................................................... 319
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ............................................................................ 322
Dedifferentiated Carcinoma ............................................................................ 324Other ..........................................................................................................325
Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinoma ................................................................ 325
Mucinous Carcinoma, Gastric (Gastrointestinal) Type ..................................... 325
Squamous Cell Carcinoma .............................................................................. 327
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ........................................................................... 327
Neuroepithelial Tumors ................................................................................... 330
Near Miss ....................................................................................................330
5 MESENCHYMAL AND MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS
OF THE UTERUS .......................................................................................355
The Unremarkable Mesenchymal Tissue of the Uterus ..............................356
Endometrial Stroma ......................................................................................... 356
Myometrial Smooth Muscle ............................................................................. 358
Smooth Muscle Tumors ..............................................................................358
Leiomyoma ...................................................................................................... 358
Fumarate Hydratase–Deficient Leiomyoma .................................................... 363
Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential ................................ 365
Leiomyosarcoma ............................................................................................. 365
Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor ................................................................. 371
Endometrial Stromal Tumors ......................................................................374
Endometrial Stromal Nodule ........................................................................... 374
Low- Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma ...................................................... 378
High- Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma ..................................................... 378
YWHAE-NUTM2A/B High- Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma .................... 379
ZC3H7B- BCOR High- Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma ............................ 379
Undifferentiated Uterine Sarcoma ................................................................... 380
Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor ................................380
Mixed Epithelial- Mesenchymal Tumors ......................................................384
Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma ..................................................................... 384
Adenofibroma ................................................................................................. 386
Adenosarcoma ................................................................................................ 387
Other Mesenchymal Tumors ......................................................................391
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor ............................................................... 391
Miscellaneous Tumors ................................................................................392
Near Miss ....................................................................................................392
6 FALLOPIAN TUBE ..........................................................................................403
The Unremarkable Fallopian Tube .............................................................404
Fallopian Tube Grossing Protocols .............................................................405
Inflammatory Processes .............................................................................. 406
Bacterial Infections .......................................................................................... 406
Tuberculosis ..................................................................................................... 408
Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia ................................................................. 409
Xanthogranulomatous/Pseudoxanthomatous Salpingitis ................................ 410
Benign Nonneoplastic Processes ...............................................................410
Decidual Reaction ........................................................................................... 410
Walthard Cell Nests ......................................................................................... 411
Metaplastic Changes ....................................................................................... 411
Metaplastic Papillary Tumor ............................................................................ 413
Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa ............................................................................ 413
Mesothelial Tumors ....................................................................................414
Adenomatoid Tumor ....................................................................................... 414
Benign Cysts ...............................................................................................415
Paratubal Cysts ................................................................................................ 415
Benign Epithelial Lesions ............................................................................416
Papillary Tubal Hyperplasia ............................................................................. 416
Benign Epithelial Tumors ............................................................................417Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome .....................................418
Epithelial Precursor Lesions ........................................................................418
p53 Signature .................................................................................................. 419
Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Lesion .................................................................. 420
Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma ........................................................... 420
Secretory Cell Outgrowths .............................................................................. 424
Epithelial Borderline Tumors ......................................................................424
Atypical Proliferative (Borderline) Serous Tumor ............................................. 424
Malignant Epithelial Tumors .......................................................................424
High-Grade Serous Carcinoma ........................................................................ 424
Endometrioid Carcinoma ................................................................................ 426
Paratubal Tumors ........................................................................................426
Female Adnexal Tumor of Probable Wolffian Origin ....................................... 426
Near Miss ....................................................................................................428
7 BENIGN OVARY ........................................................................................437
Embryology ................................................................................................438
The Unremarkable Ovary ...........................................................................438
Ovarian Surface ............................................................................................... 438
Ovarian Stroma ................................................................................................ 439
Hilus ................................................................................................................. 440
Rete Ovarii ....................................................................................................... 440
Follicles .......................................................................................................441
Folliculogenesis ............................................................................................... 441
Cystic Follicles and Follicle Cysts .................................................................... 442
Corpus Luteum ................................................................................................ 443
Corpus Luteum Cyst ........................................................................................ 444
Atretic Follicles ................................................................................................ 445
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ........................................................................445
Epithelial Inclusion Glands and Cysts .............................................................. 445
Reactive Mesothelial Proliferation ................................................................... 447
Walthard Cell Nest .......................................................................................... 447
Polycystic Ovary .........................................................................................447
Stromal Endometriosis ...............................................................................449
Decidual Reaction ......................................................................................450
Cortical Granuloma ....................................................................................451
Surface Stromal Proliferation ......................................................................451
Stromal Hyperplasia and Stromal Hyperthecosis .......................................452
Cortical Fibrosis ..........................................................................................454
Ovarian Torsion, Massive Edema, and Fibromatosis ..................................454
Hilus ............................................................................................................456
Rete Cyst and Cystadenomas.......................................................................... 456
Hilus Cells and Hilus Cell Hyperplasia ............................................................. 457
Pr egnancy- Related Findings .......................................................................457
Pregnancy Luteoma ......................................................................................... 457
Hyperreactio Luteinalis (Multiple Luteinized Follicle Cysts) ............................. 459
Large Solitary Luteinized Follicle Cyst of Pregnancy and Puerperium ............ 459
Granulosa Cell Proliferations of Pregnancy ..................................................... 460
Near Miss ....................................................................................................462
8 OVARIAN EPITHELIAL TUMORS ..............................................................469
Serous Tumors ............................................................................................470
Benign Serous Tumors ..................................................................................... 470
Atypical Proliferative (Borderline) Serous Tumor ............................................. 472
Peritoneal Lesions Including Endosalpingiosis,
Noninvasive Peritoneal Implants, and Invasive Peritoneal Implants
(Low- Grade Serous Carcinoma) ...................................................................... 477Lymph Nodes .................................................................................................. 480
Malignant Serous Tumors ................................................................................ 481
Mucinous Tumors .......................................................................................494
Benign Mucinous Tumors ................................................................................ 495
Atypical Proliferative (Borderline) Mucinous Tumor ......................................... 497
Mucinous Tumors With Mural Nodules ........................................................... 500
Atypical Proliferative (Borderline) Seromucinous
(Endocervical- Like or Müllerian) Tumors ......................................................... 500
Malignant Mucinous Tumors ........................................................................... 503
Endometrioid Tumors .................................................................................511
Benign Endometrioid Tumors .......................................................................... 511
Atypical Proliferative (Borderline) Endometrioid Tumor .................................. 513
Endometrioid Carcinoma ................................................................................ 514
Clear Cell Tumors .......................................................................................524
Clear Cell Adenofibroma ................................................................................. 524
Atypical Proliferative (Borderline) Clear Cell Tumor ........................................ 524
Clear Cell Carcinoma ....................................................................................... 525
Brenner (Transitional Cell) Tumors ..............................................................532
Benign Brenner Tumor..................................................................................... 532
Atypical Proliferative (Borderline) Brenner (Transitional Cell) Tumor ............... 534
Malignant Brenner Tumors (Malignant Transitional Cell Tumors) .................... 535
Squamous Tumors ......................................................................................537
Benign Squamous Tumors (Epidermoid Cyst) ................................................. 537
Squamous Cell Carcinoma .............................................................................. 537
Carcinosarcoma ..........................................................................................538
Undifferentiated Carcinoma and Dedifferentiated Carcinoma ..................539
Mesonephric- Like Adenocar cinoma ...........................................................539
Near Miss ....................................................................................................540
9 OVARIAN GERM CELL TUMORS ..............................................................555
Primitive Germ Cell Tumors........................................................................556
Dysgerminoma ................................................................................................ 556
Yolk Sac Tumor ................................................................................................ 559
Embryonal Carcinoma ..................................................................................... 569
Polyembryoma................................................................................................. 572
Nongestational Choriocarcinoma .................................................................... 573
Teratoma .....................................................................................................574
Mature Cystic Teratoma ................................................................................... 575
Mature Solid Teratoma .................................................................................... 578
Gliomatosis Peritonei ...................................................................................... 578
Immature Teratoma ......................................................................................... 578
Chemotherapeutic Retroconversion and the Growing
Teratoma Syndrome........................................................................................ 582
Mixed Germ Cell Tumors ...........................................................................582
Monodermal Teratomas and Somatic- Type Tumors Arising
From a Teratoma ........................................................................................583
Struma Ovarii ................................................................................................... 583
Thyroid- Type Tumors Arising in Struma Ovarii ................................................ 585
Carcinoid Tumor .............................................................................................. 585
Insular Carcinoid .............................................................................................. 588
Trabecular Carcinoid ........................................................................................ 588
Strumal Carcinoid ............................................................................................ 589
Mucinous Carcinoid ......................................................................................... 591
Mucinous Tumors Arising in Mature Teratomas............................................... 591
Sebaceous Tumors .......................................................................................... 593
Neuroepithelial Tumors ................................................................................... 594
Malignant Transformation of a Mature Teratoma ............................................ 596Tumors Composed of Germ Cells and Sex Cord- Stromal Derivatives .......598
Gonadoblastoma ............................................................................................. 598
Miscellaneous .............................................................................................600
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type ................................ 600
Paraganglioma................................................................................................. 602
Near Miss ....................................................................................................602
10 OVARIAN SEX CORD- STROMAL TUMORS ..............................................617
Stromal Tumors ...........................................................................................618
Fibroma ........................................................................................................... 618
Thecoma .......................................................................................................... 622
Luteinized Thecoma (Thecomatosis) Associated With Sclerosing Peritonitis .. 623
Sclerosing Stromal Tumor ................................................................................ 628
Signet- Ring Stromal Tumor.............................................................................. 629
Microcystic Stromal Tumor .............................................................................. 630
Fibrosarcoma ................................................................................................... 633
Sex Cord Tumors ........................................................................................634
Granulosa Cell Tumor ...................................................................................... 634
Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor ............................................................................ 634
Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor ........................................................................ 641
Sertoli Cell Tumor ............................................................................................ 643
Sex Cord Tumor With Annular Tubules ........................................................... 645
Mixed Sex Cord- Stromal Tumors ...............................................................646
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors .............................................................................. 646
Sex Cord- Stromal Tumors, Not Otherwise Specified ...................................... 653
Steroid Cell Tumors ....................................................................................654
Stromal Luteoma ............................................................................................. 654
Leydig Cell Tumor ........................................................................................... 655
Steroid Cell Tumor, NOS ................................................................................. 658
Other ..........................................................................................................658
Gynandroblastoma .......................................................................................... 658
Near Miss ....................................................................................................660
11 GESTATIONAL TISSUE AND GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC
DISEASE AND NEOPLASMS ....................................................................671
The Unremarkable Gestational Endometrium, Arias-Stella Reaction,
Decidua, and Chorionic Villi ......................................................................672
Gestational Endometrium ............................................................................... 672
Arias- Stella Reaction ........................................................................................ 672
Decidua ........................................................................................................... 673
Chorionic Villi .................................................................................................. 674
Nonneoplastic Lesions ...............................................................................676
The Exaggerated Placental Site ...................................................................... 676
Placental Site Nodule and Plaque ................................................................... 677
Molar Pregnancies ......................................................................................678
Patient Demographics ..................................................................................... 678
Cytogenetics ................................................................................................... 678
Complete Hydatidiform Mole ......................................................................... 678
Partial Hydatidiform Mole ............................................................................... 683
Persistent or Invasive Hydatidiform Mole ........................................................ 685
Abnormal (Nonmolar) Villous Lesions ............................................................. 686
Ancillary Techniques for Differentiating Hydatidiform Moles and Nonmolar
Gestations ....................................................................................................... 686Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms........................................................690
Choriocarcinoma ............................................................................................. 691
Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor ................................................................. 693
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor...................................................................... 697
Near Miss ....................................................................................................701
APPENDIX A: ATLAS OF GYNECOLOGIC PATHOLOGY
STUDY QUESTIONS .................................................................................707
APPENDIX B: ATLAS OF GYNECOLOGIC PATHOLOGY
STUDY QUESTIONS: ANSWERS ..............................................................725
INDEX ...............................................................................................................747